学习空间的重构,绝非装修教室和重新布局那么简单,也并非对相关技术装备的优化采购和科学决策那么简单!
学习空间的重构涉及物理空间(空间布局、声光电、人体功效和认知功效等)、软件和硬件配备(物理空间、数字空间和虚拟空间的连通和融通)、相关设施(表达展示、分享协作等),尤其是在这些外在东西背后的对学习与教学活动流程的再造和再设计。
这些年,我之所以持续关注学习空间,不是因为未来学校是热门话题,而是因为,在不少地方,地方教育行政部门,动辄数亿,甚至数十亿,打造新型学校。
而非常令人痛心地是,相当一部分新建学校,在建成的那一刻,它就是落后的!
因为,在华丽的建筑、明亮的空间和巨额投资的背后,是落后的教育理念。
学习空间,是建筑学和教育学之间的一个真空地带。在学习空间的建设中,存在着【主体性缺失】、【科学性缺失】、和【教育性缺失】。
所谓【主体性缺失】,是因为学习空间的主体,教师、学生、甚至校长,他们的声音是听不到的!有多少新学校在建设的时候,在设计的时候,听听他们的主体(教师、学生和校长)的意见?
所谓【科学性缺失】,是当前学校设计的设计院,往往缺乏学习科学、教育科学和教育科技的背景和经验。
所谓【教育性缺失】,就是在学习空间的设计和建设过程中,对教育和教学的特性体现的不充分,结果使得不少校长和学校把【环境育人】简单地理解为挂些名人字画、建设个地理园生物园什么的!
学习空间的设计是一个复杂巨系统工程!
学习空间的建设离不开其背后的设计思维、美学、人体工学、建筑学、认知科学、心理学、教育学等相关的知识和智慧的融通,尤其是在这些学习空间背后的全新的教育理念和教育哲学。
毕竟,学习空间会限制和制约在其间所发生的活动。
Bob Dilon是我非常敬仰的、非常活跃一位学习空间设计师,他曾做过教师,当过校长。
这里是 Bob Dilon 在社交网站上分享的一组有关学习空间研究的资源!
相关著作:
Doorley, Scott, and Scott Witthoft. Make Space: How to Set the Stage for Creative Collaboration. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2012. Print.
Oblinger, Diana. Learning Spaces. Washington, DC: EDUCAUSE, 2006. Print.
The Third Teacher: 79 Ways You Can Use Design to Transform Teaching & Learning. New York: Abrams, 2010. Print.
期刊文章
Barrett, Peter, Yufan Zhang, Fay Davies, and Lucinda Barrett. Clever Classrooms: Summary Report of the HEAD Project (holistic Evidence and Design). Salford: U of Salford, 2015. Print.
Barrett, Peter, and Yufan Zhang. Optimal Learning Spaces: Design Implications for Primary Schools. Salford: SCRI, 2009. Print.
Chism, Nancy Van Note, and Deborah J. Bickford. “Improving the Environment for Learning: An Expanded Agenda.” New Directions for Teaching and Learning 2002.92 (2002): 91-98. Print.
Chism, Nancy Van Note. “A Tale of Two Classrooms.” New Directions for Teaching and Learning 2002.92 (2002): 5-12. Print.
Dornhecker, Marianela, Jamilia J. Blake, Mark Benden, Hongwei Zhao, and Monica Wendel. “The Effect of Stand-biased Desks on Academic Engagement: An Exploratory Study.” International Journal of Health Promotion and Education 53.5 (2015): 271-80. Print.
Fisher, Anna V., Karrie E. Godwin, and Howard Seltman. “Visual Environment, Attention Allocation, and Learning in Young Children.” Psychological Science 25.7 (2014): 1362-370. Print.
相关网站:
“Innovative Learning Environments & Teacher Change.” – Innovative Learning Environments & Teacher Change. Web. 05 Sept. 2017.
“Research and Publications.” Educause.edu. Web. 05 Sept. 2017.
“Space Design for Active Learning Classrooms.” Steelcase. 16 Mar. 2016. Web. 05 Sept. 2017.
Haymes, Tom. “99% Invisible: A Holistic Approach to Learning Space Design.” The New Media Consortium. 24 Sept. 2015. Web. 05 Sept. 2017.
Mcdaniel, Rhett. “Learning Spaces.” Vanderbilt University. Vanderbilt University, 10 June 1970. Web. 05 Sept. 2017.
其他资源:
http://www.miencompany.com/shop/by-space/classroom
http://rubble.heppell.net/learnometer/
https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/learning-spaces/references
https://library.educause.edu/topics/teaching-and-learning/learning-space
https://er.educause.edu/articles/2014/10/the-evolving-classroom-creating-experiential-learning-spaces
相关研究:
Fernandes, A. C., Huang, J., & Rinaldo, V. (2011). Does where a student sits really matter? The impact of seating locations on student classroom learning. International Journal of Applied Educational Studies, 10(1), 66-77.
Gremmen, M. C., van den Berg, Y. H., Segers, E., & Cillessen, A. H. (2016). Considerations for classroom seating arrangements and the role of teacher characteristics and beliefs. Social Psychology of Education, 19(4), 749-774.
Marx, A., Fuhrer, U., & Hartig, T. (1999). Effects of classroom seating arrangements on children’s question-asking. Learning Environments Research, 2(3), 249-263.
Sommer, R. (1977). Classroom layout. Theory into Practice, 16(3), 174-175.
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